Macroeconomic Fundamentals |
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The Special Data Dissemination Standard (SDDS) was established by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to guide members that have, or that might seek, access to international capital markets in the provision of their economic and financial data to the public. The SDDS is expected to enhance the availability of timely and comprehensive statistics and therefore contribute to the pursuit of sound macroeconomic policies; the SDDS is also expected to contribute to the improved functioning of financial markets.
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Monetary Transparency:
The Fund, in cooperation with the Bank for International Settlements, and in consultation with a representative group of central banks, financial agencies, other relevant international and regional organizations, and selected academic experts, developed a code of transparency practices for monetary and financial policies. Monetary and financial policies can be made more effective if the public knows the goals and instruments of policy and if the authorities make a credible commitment to meeting them. Second, good governance calls for central banks and financial agencies to be accountable, particularly where the monetary and financial authorities are granted a high degree of autonomy.
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Fiscal transparency would make a major contribution to the cause of good governance. It should lead to better-informed public debate about the design and results of fiscal policy, make governments more accountable for the implementation of fiscal policy, and thereby strengthen credibility and public understanding of macroeconomic policies and choices. In a globalized environment, fiscal transparency is of considerable importance to achieving macroeconomic stability and high-quality growth.
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Institutional and Market Infrastructure |
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Effective and orderly insolvency procedures are essential for the smooth functioning of the international financial system. The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) adopted Model Law in May 1997 for cross-border insolvency and this is now under consideration in a number of countries. The World Bank and the International Bar Association are also providing information to governments on good practices for reform of insolvency systems.
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The International Accounting Standards Board is an independent,
privately-funded accounting standard setter based in London, UK. Board
Members come from nine countries and have a variety of functional
backgrounds. The Board is committed to developing, in the public
interest, a single set of high quality, understandable and enforceable
global accounting standards that require transparent and comparable
information in general purpose financial statements. In addition, the
Board cooperates with national accounting standard setters to achieve
convergence in accounting standards around the world.
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Corporate governance involves a set of relationships between a company's management, its board, its shareholders and other stakeholders. Corporate governance provides the structure through which the objectives of the company are set, and the means of attaining those objectives and monitoring performance are determined. Work carried out within the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and its member countries has identified some common elements that underlie good corporate governance.
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National standards on auditing and related services published in many countries differ in form and content. The International Auditing Practices Committee (IAPC), in the light of such differences, issues International Standards on Auditing (ISAs), which are intended for international acceptance.
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Money laundering is the processing of criminal proceeds to disguise their illegal origin. The Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF) is an inter-governmental body, which develops and promotes policies, both nationally and internationally, to combat money laundering.
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Safe and efficient payment systems are critical to the effective functioning of the financial system. A broad international consensus has developed on the need to strengthen payment systems by promoting internationally accepted standards and practices for their design and operation. Through the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) the Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems (CPSS) is contributing to this process through its work on developing core principles for systemically important payment systems.
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Financial Regulation and Supervision |
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The Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision issued in September 1997 by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) represent a global standard for prudential regulation and supervision. It lays out a comprehensive set of twenty-five Core Principles that have been developed by the Basle Committee as a basic reference for effective banking supervision. The Principles are designed to be applied by all countries in the supervision of the banks in their jurisdictions.
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The securities and derivatives markets are vital to the growth, development and strength of market economies. The International Organization on Securities of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) has highlighted 30 principles of securities regulation, which are based upon three objectives of securities regulation. These are: the protection of investors; ensuring that markets are fair, efficient and transparent; and the reduction of systemic risk.
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The International Association of Insurance Supervisors (IAIS) sets out principles that are fundamental to effective insurance supervision. The principles identify areas in which the insurance supervisor should have authority or control and that form the basis on which standards are developed. Standards focus on particular issues. They describe best or most prudent practices.
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